Whistled Speech - A Dying Form of Communication
In the intercultural field, communication is key. When working with other cultures, one must learn how to adjust her communication style all the time. We know communication is made up of both verbal and non-verbal styles, so paying attention to eye contact, gestures, facial expressions, and use of space are just as important as the words we choose to speak.
So what about whistling? Does whistling fall under verbal or non-verbal communication? Let's first take a look at both types of communication to understand them better.
Verbal communication is relatively clear; it is the use of speech or words to express yourself. Non-verbal communication, on the other hand, is the process of sending and receiving messages without using words, either spoken or written. There are several types of non-verbal communication, including: kinesics, haptics, vocalics, proxemics, and chronemics.
Kinesics refers to gestures, posture, eye contact, and facial expressions.
Haptics is the study of communication by touch, such as handshakes and patting someone on the back.
Vocalics is the study of paralanguage and refers to the vocal qualities that go along with verbal messages, such as pitch, volume, and tone.
Proxemics refers to the study of how space and distance influence communication and includes personal, social, and intimate space.
Chronemics refers to the study of how time affects communication and includes how people experience time, promptness, and even how much time people spend talking.
The confusion as to whether or not whistling falls under verbal or non-verbal communication lies in its usage. Most people would agree that whistling is commonly used as a musical effect; this type of whistling is done for entertainment or to keep someone's mind occupied...or because you just can't get that Justin Bieber song out of your head! Then there's the use of whistling as a spectator, such as with sports; here, it's used much like applause. Whistling is also part of many superstitions and can be used to attract bad luck or summon supernatural beings. In these examples, whistling would fall under non-verbal communication. There are no words present, and if a message is trying to be conveyed, the whistling is merely a representation or expression of words.
So what about whistling as a communication style? While an endangered language, whistled speech is used by many groups around the world. Among these groups, whistling is used to emulate speech and facilitate communication. This type of language allows fluent whistlers to transmit and comprehend a potentially unlimited number of messages over long distances.
Whistled speech is used on the Greek island of Antia, and locals are trying to keep the language from going extinct.
The Chinantec people in the state of Oaxaca also use whistling to communicate with one another.
Others that use whistling to communicate are the people of La Gomera in the Canary Islands; the villagers of Kuskoy, Turkey; and the Yupik of Alaska. While whistling as we know it is not typically considered part of verbal communication, these groups are using it in place of words and speech. I would argue that whistled speech is a form of verbal communication, and one that, like spoken language, must be protected and preserved, lest it become extinct.
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